Family,Genus,Species,Infraspecies,Common Name,Separation Characters,Native,State Rank,Habitat,Range in NY-most recent atlas 2024,Main Source
Sapindaceae,Acer,rubrum,var. rubrum,common red maple,"Leaves larger than var. trilobum and predominantly 5-lobed with basal lobes small. The central lobe is distinctively squarish below the pointed tip, the sides parallel or nearly so. Undersides glabrous or hairy on the veins. ",Y,,Occurs in a wide variety of habitats and soil types.  Wet swamps to dry forests and young successional habitats this is a very wide spread and common tree.,Statewide,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Sapindaceae,Acer,rubrum,var. trilobum,three-lobed red maple,Leaves smaller than var. rubrum and predominantly 3-lobed with small lateral lobes. The central lobe is triangular below the pointed tip. Undersides hairy. ,Y,,Occurs on drier sites and more southern.,"Suffolk, Greene and Oneida counties. Surely more common.",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Antennaria,howellii,ssp. canadensis,Canada pussytoes,"Middle and upper stem leaves tipped by a flat or involute-margined, scarious appendage; new rosette leaves bright green and promptly glabrous on the adaxial surface",Y,,"Openings in forests, woodlands, edges of forests, dry roadsides, successional fields, pastures, and dry river banks.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Antennaria,howellii,ssp. neodioica,small pussytoes,"Middle and upper stem leaves blunt- to aristate-tipped, only the leaves of the capitulescence with a scarious appendage; new rosette leaves white or gray-green and tomentose on the adaxial surface or sometimes bright green and promptly glabrous in forms of A. howellii var. neodioica. Stolons and basal offshoots short, leafy, terminated by rosettes; rosette leaves tending to have defined petioles ",Y,,"Open forests and woodlands, ledges, fine shale talus slopes, gravelly roadsides, and fields over thin soils.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Antennaria,howellii,ssp. petaloidea,petal-like pussytoes,"Middle and upper stem leaves blunt- to aristate-tipped, only the leaves of the capitulescence with a scarious appendage; new rosette leaves white or gray-green and tomentose on the adaxial surface or sometimes bright green and promptly glabrous in forms of A. howellii var. neodioica. Stolons elongate, cord-like, with few, small leaves, only tardily developing terminal rosettes; rosette leaves tending to have ill-defined petioles ",Y,,"Open forests and woodlands, ledges, fine shale talus slopes, gravelly roadsides, and fields over thin soils.",Widely scattered in upstate counties and Westchester county,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Antennaria,parlinii,ssp. fallax,deceitful pussytoes,Stems usually glandless; basal leaves adaxially tomentose,Y,,"Gravel roadsides, fields on thin soils.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Antennaria,parlinii,ssp. parlinii,Parlin’s pussytoes,Stems usually with purple glandular hairs (at least near summits of young flowering stems); basal leaves adaxially green-glabrous ,Y,,Open mesic forested slopes with herbaceous vegetation low.,"Scattered in adjacent counties in Western, Centeral, Eastern NY, Clinton, and Essex counties",Flora North America
Apocynaceae,Asclepias,incarnata,ssp. incarnata,western swamp milkweed,"Stems often repeatedly branched, sparsely pubescent to glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrow-oblong, usually tapering to the base, glabrous or nearly so on the abaxial surface",Y,,"Marshes, swamps, edges of ponds, wet depressions or drainages in fields, and stream banks.  Does best in non-forested wetlands although also occurs in forested situations.",Mostly statewide,Haines 2011
Apocynaceae,Asclepias,incarnata,ssp. pulchra,eastern swamp milkweed,"Stems simple to few-branched, short-pilose; leaf blades broad-lanceolate to elliptic, usually rounded at the base, short-pilose on the abaxial surface",Y,,"Marshes, swamps, edges of ponds, wet depressions or drainages in fields, and stream banks.  Does best in non-forested wetlands although also occurs in forested situations.","ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, Long Island, and Westchester, Rockland, Orange, Washington, and Oneida counties",Haines 2011
Aspleniaceae,Asplenium,trichomanes,ssp. quadrivalens,tetraploid maidenhair spleenwort,"Marginal cells of rachis wings ascending, often longer than wide, rounded at the apex; distance between petiolules on same side of rachis near apex of leaf blade 2–4 mm; terminal leaflet 3–7 mm wide; spores mostly 34–43 μm; plants primarily of circumneutral to basic rock",Y,,This subspecies is typically found on alkaline substrates (I.e. limestone).,Onondaga county 1924 specimen,Haines 2011
Aspleniaceae,Asplenium,trichomanes,ssp. trichomanes,diploid maidenhair spleenwort,"Marginal cells of rachis wings nearly perpendicular to plant axis, often as wide or wider than long, truncate at the apex; distance between petiolules as measured in 1a 3–7 mm; terminal leaflet 1.5–4 mm wide; spores mostly 29–36 μm; plants mostly of acidic rock",Y,,This subspecies is typically found on acidic substrates.,Mostly statewide except Long Island and other scattered counties,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Boltonia,asteroides,var. asteroides,white doll’s daisy,"Phyllaries linear to linear-attenuate or subulate, apices acute; pappus awn lengths to 2/3 cypselae",N,,"Marshes, wet prairies, roadsides, wet pine savannas, riverbanks, flood plains, swales.","Rockland, Putnam, Warren, Onondaga, and Tompkins counties",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Boltonia,asteroides,var. recognita,northern doll’s daisy,"Phyllaries, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, membranaceous margins +/- narrow, 1-2.5(-3) mm wide",N,,"Wet prairies, riverbanks, sloughs.",Bronx county 1936 specimen,Flora North America
Brassicaceae,Cakile,edentula,var. edentula,American sea rocket,"Upper segment of the fr plump, 5-9 mm wide, short-beaked, the beak shorter than the seed-bearing part",Y,,Maritime sandy areas mostly on beaches in or just above the wrack line.,"Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, Westchester, and Erie counties",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Brassicaceae,Cakile,edentula,var. lacustris,lake sea rocket,Most of the beak as long as or longer than the seed-bearing part,Y,,Lake shore beaches.,Counties that border the Great Lakes except Orleans county,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Poaceae,Calamagrostis,canadensis,var. canadensis,Canada bluejoint grass,"Spikelets 2.4–3.9(–4.1) mm long; glumes glabrous to scabrous with at most minute stiff hairs, acute to acuminate",Y,,"Swamps, marshes, wet roadsides in the northern and cooler parts of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, and rarely in mesic forest openings. This taxon does well in wet-mesic openings and disturbed areas in forests and is very common in the cooler and more northern parts of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.",Mostly statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Calamagrostis,canadensis,var. langsdorffii,Langsdorff’s bluejoint grass,"Spikelets (3.8–)4.0–5.5 mm long; glumes pubescent with relatively long hairs (at least in part), especially on the keel, acuminate",Y,,Boreal wetlands. ,Essex county 1929 specimen,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Calamagrostis,stricta,ssp. inexpansa,northern reed grass,"Cauline leaves mostly flat, partly or slightly inrolled, or sometimes inrolled; uppermost ligules ≤ 6.0 mm long; hairs on the lemma calluses 0.7–1.0× as long as the associated lemmas; leaf collars with or without dense hairs",Y,S2,"Rich fens, lake and river shores, and dry acidic forests. Also ledges and cliffs as well as talus slopes at base of cliffs in boreal sometimes high elevation sites.","Scattered in Central NY, Eastern NY, Adirondacks and Nassau counties",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Calamagrostis,stricta,ssp. stricta,slim-stemmed reed grass,Cauline leaves inrolled; uppermost ligules ≤ 3.5(4.0) mm long; hairs on the lemma calluses 0.5–0.8× as long as the associated lemmas; leaf collars without dense hairs,Y,S1,Calcareous cobble shores.,Clinton county 1991 specimen,Werier 2022
Cyperaceae,Carex,atlantica,ssp. atlantica,wide-leaved prickly bog sedge,Widest leaves 1.6-4(-4.5) mm wide; inflorescences usually (1.5-)1.8-5.5 cm; perigynia 2.3-3.8 mm,Y,,"Wet pond margins, stream edges, shrub swamps, hardwood swamps, hummock in bogs, and floating logs. Grows in acidic wet sometimes peaty soils.",Scattered across the state,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,atlantica,ssp. capillacea,narrow-leaved prickly bog sedge,Widest leaves (0.65-)0.8-1.6 mm wide; inflorescenses usually 0.8-2 cm; perigynia 1.9-3 mm,Y,,Bogs and edges of acidic swamps. Similar to ssp. atlantica in its preference for acidic sites.,"Found on Long Island, and scattered across the state except for in most of the Eastern NY counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,canescens,ssp. canescens,typical hoary sedge,"Culms 15-60 cm; inflorescences 3-5(-7) cm, all but proximal spikes approximate or slightly  remote",Y,,"Wet, usually base-poor habitats, such as sphagnum bogs, moist coniferous forests and meadows, from lowlands to near the timberline in mountains.",Mostly statewide ,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,canescens,ssp. disjuncta,disjunct hoary sedge,"Culms 30-90 cm, inflorescences 6-12(-15)cm, all but distalmost spikes distant, proximal 2 spikes 2-5 cm apart",Y,,"Marshes, sedge meadows, swamps, shrub swamps, and wet ditches. Often in acidic peaty soils although grows in a wide array of habitats.","Long Island, and scattered in many counties across the state",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,crinita,var. brevicrinis,short-fringed sedge,Achenes not constricted; perigynia broadly obovoid,Y,,"Swamps, floodplain forests, wet meadows, marshes, bogs, stream edges, margins of lakes and ponds, roadside ditches.",Suffolk and Westchester counties 1896 specimen,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,crinita,var. crinita,common fringed sedge,"Achenes variously, not constricted; perigynia ellipsoid to obovoid ",Y,,"Marshes, wet areas in forests, seepages, marshy edges of small streams and ponds, wet fields and pastures, and wet ditches.  A very common wetland sedge except perhaps in northern ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP. In comparison to C. gynandra, it is perhaps a little less weedy and grows in acidic to basic soils.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,debilis,var. debilis,white-edged sedge,"Perigynia fusiform, 5.5-9.5 mm, tapering very gradually to elongate beak; pistillate scales usually with apex blunt to acute, rarely cuspidate, white or very pale hyaline margins",Y,S2,"Edges, openings, paths and stream banks in mesic deciduous forest, floodplain forests, meadows, wet grasslands, and roadsides, usually on soils with pH below 6.","Suffolk, Nassau, and Ulster counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,debilis,var. rudgei,Rudge’s sedge,"Perigynia lance-ellipsoid, 5-6.2 mm, more abruptly narrowed to beak; pistillate scales with apex acute to cuspidate to short-awned, hyaline margins usually suffused or streaked with reddish brown",Y,,"Hardwood and mixed hardwood-coniferous forests, forest edges, openings in forests, and edges of streams. It appears to have an affinity for edges of very small streams in forested sites although it also occurs in other habitats as noted above.","Mostly statewide, except some Central NY counties, the Lower Hudson, Rensselaer, Fulton, and Montgomery counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,laxiculmis,var. copulata,coupled sedge,Leaves usually bright green; widest leaf blade 5.3-8.3 mm; longest staminate spike 6-20(-23) mm,Y,,Rich hardwood forests. Mostly confined to very calcareous and/or deep soils that are well drained and loamy.,"Westchester, Tompkins, Ontario, and Wayne counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,laxiculmis,var. laxiculmis,spreading sedge,Leaves usually glaucous; widest leaf blad 6.4-11.8 mm; longest staminate spike (10-)12-25 mm,Y,,"Hardwood forests, thickets, fields, and roads and paths thought forests. Often on heavy clay in seasonally flooded or poorly drained soils but also in more mesic sites. Occurring in slightly calcareous to acidic soils but usually not on deep loamy soils. More weedy than var. copulata.",Scattered statewide except the majority of the Adirondack region,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,muehlenbergii,var. enervis,Muhlenberg’s veinless sedge,"Pistillate scales 2-2.5 mm; perigynia veinless adaxially, 2.7-3.1 mm",Y,S3,"Fields, openings in forests, woodlands, rocky summits, and utility rights-of-way. Mostly in xeric to dry-mesic rocky or sandy soils.","Some Souther Tier counties, the Lower Hudson region except Rockland county; Albany, Oneida, and Monroe counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Carex,muehlenbergii,var. muehlenbergii,Muhlenberg’s sedge,"Pistillate scales 2.5-3.6 mm; perigynia 5-9-veined or veinless adaxially, 3-4.2 mm",Y,,Sandy and rocky graminoid dominated open habitat and edges of forests. Mostly in xeric to dry-mesic rocky or sandy soils.,"Long Island, scattered in the Adirondacks, Eastern, and Central NY",Flora North America
Amaranthaceae,Chenopodium,berlandieri,var. bushianum,Bush’s goosefoot,Plants mostly 70-150 cma tall. Lower leaf blades 6-10 cm long. Style base less prominent or lacking; perianth parts usually not prominently keeled; Inflorescences large and drooping; seeds 1.7-2 mm in diameter,Y,,"Disturbed soil, particularly in regions of cultivation. ","Dutchess, Delaware, Tompkins, Cayuga, Onondaga, and St. Lawrence counties",Clemants 1992
Amaranthaceae,Chenopodium,berlandieri,var. macrocalycium,large-calyxed goosefoot,"Plants rarely taller than 50 cm. Lower leaf blades 3-4 cm long. Style base less prominent or lacking; perianth parts usually not prominently keeled; Inflorescences small and erect, seeds 1.3-1.7 mm in diameter",Y,S1S2,Coastal beaches and marshes. ,"Bronx, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, Richmond, and Suffolk counties",Clemants 1992
Orchidaceae,Corallorhiza,maculata,var. maculata,late spotted coralroot,"Middle lobe of lip expanded slightly or not at all distally, ratio of widths of dilated part to base of middle lobe less than 1.5; floral bracts averaging 0.5-1 mm",Y,,"A wide variety of mesic forest types but perhaps most common in hardwoods, hardwood-Tsuga canadensis forests, and hardwood-Pinus strobus forests. Patches often consist of small numbers of individuals and patches are often widely scattered at a site.","Mostly statewide except Richmond, Bronx, Westchester, Clinton, Wayne, Orleans, and Genesee counties",Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Corallorhiza,maculata,var. occidentalis,early spotted coralroot,"Middle lobe of lip distinctly expanded, ratio of widths dilated to base of middle lobe more than 1.5; floral bracts averaging 1-2.8 mm",Y,,"Coniferous and mixed woods, and conifer plantations.",Cortland county 1890 specimen,Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Corallorhiza,odontorhiza,var. odontorhiza,autumn coralroot,"Perianth tending to be closed, column without or with only poorly developed auricles at base on adaxial surfacel stigmatic surgae 0.3-0.5 mm wide; lip 1.7-2.2(-3) mm wide",Y,,Mesic hardwood forests.,Scattered statewide ,Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Corallorhiza,odontorhiza,var. pringlei,Pringle’s autumn coralroot,"Perianth open, column with 2 prominent auricles at base on adaxial surface; stigmatic surface 0.7-1 mm wide; lip 2-3.7 mm wide",Y,,"Rich deciduous woods, mixed woods, and conifer plantations.","Monroe county 1906 specimen, recent Saratoga County",Flora North America
Cornaceae,Cornus,amomum,ssp. amomum,silky dogwood,"Lvs ovate to broadly elliptic, commonly 6-12 cm, 1.5-2.2 times as long as wide, subtruncate to rounded at base, with 4-6 veins on a side, the lower surface usually greenish and nonpapillose and provided with both appressed and loosely spreading, whitish or very often rusty hairs especially along the veins. ",Y,,"Fens, swamps, shrub swamps, marshes, edges of ponds, edges of streams, and ditches.",Mostly statewide ,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Cornaceae,Cornus,amomum,ssp. obliqua,narrow-leaved dogwood,"Lvs 6-9 cm, 2.2-4 time as long as wide, cuneate at base, with 3-5 veins on a side, the lower surface usually whitish-papillose and with mainly or wholly appressed, whitish to only occasionally rusty pubescence. ",Y,,"Alluvial woods, river and stream banks, wet meadows, marshes, ditches.","Schenectady, Jefferson, Oswego, Ontario, Yates, Erie, Orleans, Genesee, and Chemung counties",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Rosaceae,Crataegus,coccinea,var. coccinea,scarlet hawthorn,"Leaf blades (elongate), ovate (length/width = 1.4-1.5), 5-8 cm (widest in proximal 1/3), plane, lobe sinuses deep, bases broadly cuneate to truncate, rarely slightly cordate; pomes usually suborbicular",Y,,"Hedgerows, road sides, young successional forests, abandoned pastures, thickets, rocky openings in forests, forest edges, and talus slopes.","Scattered in Central and Western NY, the Adirondacks, Schenectady, Albany, Orange, Putnam, and Richmond counties.",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Crataegus,coccinea,var. pringlei,Pringle’s hawthorn,"Leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate (length/width = 1.2), 4-7 cm, plane or concavo-convex, lobe sinuses often shallow, bases rounded to broadly cuneate; pomes usually oblong or suborbicular; stamens 8-10; pomes usually oblong",Y,,"Brush, woodland margins, fencerows, overgrown pastures.","Erie, Seneca, Schenectady, Albany, Rensselaer, Washington, Essex, and St. Lawrence counties",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Crataegus,flabellata,var. flabellata,fan-leaved hawthorn,10 stamens in one cycle,Y,,"Forest edges, successional fields, roadsides, early successional forests, forest clearings. ",No county data,Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Crataegus,flabellata,var. grayana,Gray’s hawthorn,20 stamens in two cycles,Y,,"Forest edges, successional fields, roadsides, early successional forests, forest clearings. ","Cattaraugus, St. Lawrence, and Essex counties",Haines 2011
Convolvulaceae,Cuscuta,gronovii,var. gronovii,common dodder,"Calyx ca. 1/2 as long as the basal, connate protion of corolla (i.e., the tips of the sepals not reaching the sinuses between petals), with ovate to suborbicular lobes that overlap one another; basal, connate portion of corolla 1.5-2.5 mm long; corolla lobes ca. 1/3 (rarely only 1/4) as long as the basal, connate portion",Y,,"Shores of streams and rivers, marshes, and wet thickets. The most common Cuscuta in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, growing in a wide variety of wetland habitats but usually in areas without a tree canopy.",Scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Convolvulaceae,Cuscuta,gronovii,var. latiflora,broad-flowered common dodder,"Calyx on most or all flowers +/- as long as the basal, connate portion of the corolla (i.e. the tips of the sepals reaching the sinuses between the petals), with oblong to ovate lobes that barely overlap one another; basal, connate portion of corolla 1-1.5 mm long; corolla lobes ca. 1/2 to fully as long as the basal, connate portion",Y,,"Shores of streams and rivers, marshes, and wet thickets. Less common than var. gronovii, but growing in similar habitats.","Wayne, Nassau, Suffolk counties",Haines 2011
Cyperaceae,Cyperus,esculentus,var. leptostachyus,common yellow nut sedge,Spikelets (1.2-)1.5-2 mm wide; floral scales 1.8-2.7 mm; anthers (1-)1.3(-1.6) mm; styles (0.7-)1-1.2 mm; stigmas (1.2-)1.8(-2.5) mm,Y,,"Shores and gravel bars of streams, roadsides, disturbed soils, and waste places including urban settings.",Mostly statewide ,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Cyperus,esculentus,var. macrostachyus,large yellow nut sedge,Spikelets 2.4-3 mm wide; floral scales (2.7-)2.9-3.4(-3.6) mm; anthers (1.2-)1.3-2(-2.1) mm; styles (0.9-)1.3-2(-2.2) mm; stigmas (2-)2.3-2.8(-4) mm,Y,,"Dunes, disturbed soils, croplands.",Richmond county 1992 specimen,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Cyperus,lupulinus,ssp. lupulinus,Great Plains flat sedge,"Floral scales 2.5-4 mm, margins not clasping achene; spikelets with 5-22 floral scales",Y,S2,"Well-drained sandy soils in open roadsides, fields, grasslands, beaches, railroads, and pastures.","Suffolk, Nassau, Kings, Westchester, Putnam, Clinton, and Bronx counties",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Cyperus,lupulinus,ssp. macilentus,eastern flat sedge,"Floral scales 1.8-2.5 mm, margins tightly clasping achene; spikelets with 3-7 floral scales",Y,,"The more common subspecies in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP. Occurs in a variety of open sandy or coarse soil habitats including roadsides, sandy shores of lakes and rivers, rock outcrops in forests, and disturbed soils.",Scattered statewide except Western NY,Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Cypripedium,parviflorum,var. makasin,northern small yellow lady’s slipper,"Abaxial surface of distalmost sheathing bract (and often next) sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent to glabrous when young; flowers small; lip 15–29 mm; sepals and petals usually suffused with dark reddish brown or madder, or in the west often spotted and blotched; scent intense, sweet. ",Y,,"Rich fens, cedar swamps, and rich calcareous swamps.","Otsego, Madison, and Chautauqua counties",Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Cypripedium,parviflorum,var. parviflorum,southern small yellow lady’s slipper,"Abaxial surface of distalmost sheathing bract (and often next) densely and conspicuously silvery-pubescent when young (later sometimes glabrescent); flowers large to small, lip 20–54 mm; sepals and petals variably spotted, striped, blotched, and reticulately marked with reddish brown or madder (rarely unmarked); scent moderate to faint, rose or musty. Flowers small, lip 22–34 mm; sepals and petals densely and minutely spotted with dark reddish brown or madder and appearing uniformly dark (rarely coarsely spotted and blotched); s New England to Kansas and southward. ",Y,SH,"Mesic to dry deciduous and deciduous-hemlock forests, usually on slopes.",Scattered statewide,Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Cypripedium,parviflorum,var. pubescens,large yellow lady’s slipper,"Abaxial surface of distalmost sheathing bract (and often next) densely and conspicuously silvery-pubescent when young (later sometimes glabrescent); flowers large to small, lip 20–54 mm; sepals and petals variably spotted, striped, blotched, and reticulately marked with reddish brown or madder (rarely unmarked); scent moderate to faint, rose or musty. Flowers commonly large, lip to 54 mm, but very small in some boreal and northern cordilleran specimens (as small as 20 mm); sepals unmarked to commonly spotted, striped, and reticulately marked with reddish brown or madder, rarely extensively blotched. ",Y,,Rich fens and calcareous mesic forests. Predominately in upland sites.,Mostly statewide ,Flora North America
Poaceae,Dichanthelium,commutatum,ssp. ashei,Ashe’s rosette grass,"Culms densely crisp-puberulent; spikelets 2.2-2.7 mm long; cauline blades usually 5-8 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, thick, the bases symmetrical; rosette blades usually less than 3 cm long and to 6 mm wide",Y,,Open woodlands.,Sparsely scattered statewide ,Flora North America
Poaceae,Dichanthelium,commutatum,ssp. commutatum,variable rosette grass,"Culms usually glabrous or sparsely pubescent; spikelets 2.6-3.2 mm long; cauline blades usu. more than 8 cm long and 10 mm wide, thin, bases somewhat asymmetrical; rosette blades large, some more than 4 cm long and 10 mm wide.",Y,,Wet to dry woodlands.,Erie county 1930 specimen,Flora North America
Poaceae,Echinochloa,muricata,var. microstachya,short-awned American barnyard grass,"Spikelets 2.5-3.8 mm long; lower lemmas unawned or awned, the awns to 10 mm long",Y,,Moist disturbed sites. ,"Mostly in Western and Central NY, scattered in the Adirondacks, Eastern NY, and Long Island.",Flora North America
Poaceae,Echinochloa,muricata,var. muricata,long-awned American barnyard grass,"Spikelets 3.5-5 mm long; lower lemmas usually awned, the awns 6-16 mm long",Y,,Moist disturbed sites. ,Scattered statewide,Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Eleocharis,tenuis,var. pseudoptera,sharp-angled spike rush,"Achenes yellow, with 10–14 horizontal ridges through the length; stems sharply 4-angled, usually deeply sulcate, up to 0.8 mm wide; some or all of the upper leaf sheaths with a stout apical tooth 0.4–0.6 (–0.9) mm tall; tubercles very depressed",Y,S1,"Wet, clayey old field, and a mowed roadside in a wet pine barrens.","Bronx, Nassau, Putnam, Richmond, Suffolk, and Westchester counties ",Haines 2011
Cyperaceae,Eleocharis,tenuis,var. tenuis,slender spike rush,"Achenes green to brown-green, with 6–12 horizontal ridges through the length; stems bluntly and shallowly angled, up to 0.5 mm wide; upper leaf sheaths with a slender apical tooth to 0.2 mm tall; tuberlces often as tall as wide (rarely very depressed)",Y,,"Marshes, swamps, wet thickets, and wet disturbed soils.","Fulton, Ulster, and Suffolk counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Elymus,glabriflorus,var. australis,hairy southeastern wild rye,Glumes and lemmas pubescent with relatively long hairs,,,Thickets and edges of small dirt roads in sandy areas by the coast. ,Suffolk County 2000s,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,glabriflorus,var. glabriflorus,hairy wild rye,Glumes and lemmas glabrous or scabrous with at most minute hairs,,,Sandy areas by the coast.,Suffolk County 2000s,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,hystrix,var. bigelovianus,Bigelow’s bottlebrush grass,"Lemmas pubescent with relatively long hairs, longer hairs (0.3–)0.4–0.9 mm long",Y,,"Rich moist forests including floodplains, dry-moist woodlands, and thin
forests with thin often circumneutral or high pH soils.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,hystrix,var. hystrix,bottlebrush grass,"Lemmas glabrous to scabrous, longer hairs < 0.1 mm long",Y,,Rich mesic forests including floodplains and dry-mesic woodlands or thin forests with thin often calcareous soils..,Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,trachycaulus,ssp. glaucus,blue-green wheat grass,"Lemma awns 7-17(-24) mm long, straight or curving outward from the axis of the spike; glume awns 0-4 mm long",Y,,Dry to dry-moist thin forests and woodlands; rocky opening in forests; northern river shores; and occasionally in wet rich peatlands often but not always associated with circumneutral to high pH soils.,"Scattered statewide, less so in Central NY counties",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,trachycaulus,ssp. trachycaulus,typical wheat grass,Lemma awns wanting or represented by a short awn-tip (rarely as long as 5 mm and straight); glume awns absent or represented by a short awn-tip less than or equal to 2 mm,Y,,"Dry to dry-mesic thin forests and woodlands, and rocky openings in forests. ",Sparsley scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,villosus,var. arkansanus,Arkansas wild rye,Glumes and lemmas glabrous or scabrous,Y,,No habitat information for ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP. ,Cayuga county 1918 specimen,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,villosus,var. villosus,downy wild rye,Glumes and lemmas villous to hirsute,Y,,Floodplain forests and thickets; rich moist forests; stream edges; and rarely on moist limey talus slopes.,Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,virginicus,var. halophilus,coastal Virginia wild rye,"Reproductive stems mostly 3-8 dm tall, with 4-6 nodes; leaf blades 2-9 mm wide becoming involute; spikes 3.5-11 cm tall, strongly glaucous; glumes indurate in the basal 1-2 mm",Y,,Upper edges of salt and brackish marshes and moist coastal dunes.,ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP and Long Island region,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,virginicus,var. intermedius,hairy Virginia wild rye,Glumes and lemmas pubsecent with relatively long hairs; spikes glaucous; ligules and auricles usually absent; plants flowering July through August,Y,,"Floodplain forests and thickets; swamps; shores of lakes, streams, and rivers; and
occasionally elsewhere often in disturbed soils.",Essex and Oswego counties 1929 and 1939 specimens,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,virginicus,var. jejunus,exserted Virginia wild rye,"Reproductive stems mostly 7-10 dm tall, with 6-8 nodes; leaf blades 3-15 mm wide, flat; spikes 4-20 cm tall, pale green to glaucous; glumes indurate only in the basal 1 mm",Y,,"Floodplain forests and thickets; and
shores of lakes, streams, and rivers","Suffolk, St. Lawrence and Essex counties, recent",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Elymus,virginicus,var. virginicus,Virginia wild rye,"Spikes often partly included in the upper leaf sheat; glumes 1-2.4 mm wide, strongly indurate and bowed out in the basal (1.5-)2-4 mm; plants usually green to yellow-brown in life; nodes often covered by overlapping sheaths",Y,,"Predominately floodplain forests and thickets; swamps; shores of lakes, streams, and rivers; salt marshes; dunes; and occasionally elsewhere often in disturbed soils.","Statewide except Chautauqua, Wyoming, Seneca, Cortland, Herkimer, and Schoharie counties",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Eragrostis ,pectinacea,var. miserrima,meager love grass,At maturity at least many pedicels spreading from and not appressed against the panicle branches; rare,,,"Roadsides, railroad edges, shores of lakes, and waste places.","Chatauqua, Chemung and Suffolk counties, 1898-1945 records ",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Eragrostis ,pectinacea,var. pectinacea,tufted love grass,Pedicels erect and appressed against the panicle branches or at most spreading slightly (up to about 20°) from the panicle branches; common,,,"Roadsides, railroad edges, disturbed soils, waste places, fields with thin soils; shores of rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds.",Mostly statewide ,Werier 2022
Asteraceae,Erechtites,hieraciifolius,var. hieraciifolius,common pilewort,"Stems and leaves dry or turgid, not succulent; receptables 5-8 mm diam.; cypselae 2.3-3 mm, nerves 10-12",Y,,"Cut forests, disturbed ground, thickets, burned forests, rocky summits, and exposed soil of slopes. A disturbance dependant species; after a large scale disturbance such as logging or a burn this species can be very abundant.",Scattered statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Erechtites,hieraciifolius,var. megalocarpus,coastal pilewort,"Stems and leaves succulent; receptacles 9-12+ mm diam.; cypselae 4-5 mm, nerves 16-20",Y,S1,"Upper edge of beaches in sand, gravel, and cobbles and sometimes border small brackish marshes and shrub thickets.",Suffolk county 1990 most recent,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Erigeron,canadensis,var. canadensis,common horseweed,"Phyllaries green and stem hairy, stems to 2 m",Y,,"Clearings in forests, open banks of streams, successional fields (where the soils are exposed or thin), cultivated ground, roadsides, disturbed areas, and waste areas.",Scattered statewide,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Erigeron,canadensis,var. pusillus,southern horseweed,"Phyllaires red tipped and stem glabrous, stature shorter, to 1 m",Y,,"Sandy soils of successional fields (where the soils are exposed or thin), roadsides, disturbed areas, dunes, and pine barrens openings.","Nassau and Suffolk counties, recent",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Erigeron,philadelphicus,var. philadelphicus,Philadelphia fleabane,"Reproductive stems 20-70 cm tall; basal leaves usually withering prior to anthesis; stems, leaf blades, and involucral bracts usually pubescent; ray flowers pink or white tinged with pink; capitula 18-25 mm wide",Y,,"Successional fields, road banks, edges of forests, cut forests, disturbed ground.",Mostly statewide ,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Erigeron,philadelphicus,var. provancheri,Provancher’s fleabane,"Reproductive stems 4-18(-30) cm tall; basal leaves persisting through flowering; stems, leaf blades, and involucral bracts glabrous or sparsely pubescent; ray flowers white to pale pink; capitula 10-15 mm wide",Y,S1,Cliffs along the Hudson River and seasonally exposed and scoured bedrock of large rivers.,"Dutchess, Delaware, Tompkins, Cayuga, Onondaga, and St. Lawrence counties",Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Eutrochium,maculatum,var. foliosum,leafy Joe Pye weed,Distal-most whorls of leaves subtending heads equaling or surpassing arrays of heads,Y,,"Marshes, rich fens, wet fields, ditches, seepage areas, and swamps.  In general this species does best in non-shaded environments and is very common in a wide variety of wetlands.",Clinton county 1975 specimen,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Eutrochium,maculatum,var. maculatum,spotted Joe Pye weed,Distal-most whorls of leaves subtending heads not equaling arrays of heads,Y,,"Marshes, rich fens, wet fields, ditches, seepage areas, and swamps.  In general this species does best in non-shaded environments and is very common in a wide variety of wetlands.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Poaceae,Festuca,rubra,ssp. commutata,Chewing’s fescue,"Anthers 1.8–2.2 (–3) mm long; plants without rhizomes, the stems densely cespitose; upper glumes 3.5–5 mm long; lemmas 4.5–6 mm long",N,,"Pastures, successional fields, hayfields, and roadsides. Often in open sites but occasionally persisting in successional forests or occurring on the edge of woods roads.","Suffolk, Essex, Saratoga, Delaware, Cattaraugus, and Chautauqua counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Festuca,rubra,ssp. rubra,red fescue,"Anthers 2.4–3.5 mm long; plants rhizomatous, the stems loosely cespitose; upper glumes 4–6.4 mm long; lemmas (4–) 6–7.5 (–8) mm long",N,,"Pastures, successional fields, hayfields, and roadsides. Often in open sites but occasionally persisting in successional forests or occurring on the edge of woods roads.","Scattered in Eastern NY, Central NY, and the Adirondacks",Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Fragaria,vesca,ssp. americana,American woodland strawberry,Plants slender; stolons with appressed hairs in proximal portion; leaves bright green; flowers 12-14.6 mm in life; fruit conic; achenes always superficial.,Y,,"Young successional forests, thickets, forest edges, edges of dirt roads and paths through forests, and disturbed soils. Particularly abundant over calcareous bedrock.","Scattered statewide, mostly in Eastern NY and the Adirondack region, and partially in Western and Central NY",Flora North America and Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Fragaria,vesca,ssp. vesca,Eurasian woodland strawberry,"Plants robust; stolons with spreading hairs in proximal portion; leaves green; fruit globose to subglobose, often slightly depressed; achenes in shallow pits or superficial.",N,,"Found in open forests, edges of woods and bushes, and
meadows in Europe and Asia. Escaped in US. ",Scattered statewide,Flora North America and Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Fragaria,virginiana,ssp. glauca,northern wild strawberry,"Stolons, petioles, peduncles, and pedicels usually appressed ascending-hairy, sometimes almost glabrous.",Y,,"Successional fields, pastures, lawns, roadsides, young successional forests, forest openings, disturbed soils, and edges of paths.",Madison county 1927 specimen,Flora North America
Rosaceae,Fragaria,virginiana,ssp. grayana,Gray’s wild strawberry,"Stolons, peduncles, and pedicels spreading-hairy throughout",Y,,"Successional fields, pastures, lawns, roadsides, young successional forests, forest openings, disturbed soils, and edges of paths.",Tompkins county 1919 specimen,Flora North America
Rosaceae,Fragaria,virginiana,ssp. virginiana,common wild strawberry,"Stolons and peduncles spreading- or appressed-ascending-hairy, proximally often spreading-hairy, distally ascending-hairy or glabrous; pedicels appressed-hairy or glabrous.",Y,,"Successional fields, pastures, lawns, roadsides, young successional forests, forest openings, disturbed soils, and edges of paths.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Rubiaceae,Galium,verum,ssp. verum,yellow bedstraw,"Leaf blades 15–30 (–35) ×0.5–1 (–2) mm, with prominently revolute margins such that the margins are recurved to the abaxial midrib, shorter than to longer than the associated internodes; inflorescence with dense, contiguous flowers, the branches longer than the corresponding stem internodes; flowers fragrant.",N,,"Roadsides, disturbed soils, successional fields, and thickets.",Scattered in adjacent counties statewide,Haines 2011
Rubiaceae,Galium,verum,ssp. wirtgenii,Wirtgen’s bedstraw,"Leaf blades 25–40 ×1–3 mm, with revolute margins, but the margins not recurved to the abaxial midrib, shorter than the associated internodes; inflorescence often interrupted, the branches usually shorter then the corresponding stem internodes; flowers odorless.",N,,"Roadsides, disturbed soils, successional fields, and thickets.","Chemung, Dutchess, Oneida, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tompkins, Ulster counties ",Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Grindelia,squarrosa,var. nuda,rayless gumweed,"Rays wanting, leaves less clasping",N,,"Field, roadsides, railroad, waste places. ",Tompkins county 1933 specimen,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Grindelia,squarrosa,var. squarrosa,curlytop gumweed,"Rays present, leaves strongly clasping",N,,"Field, roadsides, railroad, waste places. ","Albany, Erie, Jefferson, Monroe, Oneida, Oswego, Tompkins, Washington counties ",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Heliopsis,helianthoides,ssp. helianthoides,smooth oxeye,"Leaf blades ovate 8-12(-15) x 4-8(-12) cm, abaxial faces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, adaxial faces glabrous or minutely scabrellous",Y,,"Alluvial thickets and forests, stream banks, and disturbed areas in alluvial soils. Predominately a species of alluvial soils. ",Scattered statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Heliopsis,helianthoides,ssp. scabra,rough oxeye,"Leaf blades deltate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 6-12 x 2-5 cm, aces moderately to densely scabrellous to scabrous",Y,,"Open woods, grasslands, old pastures, edges of fields, meadows, road banks, ditches.","Albany, Chemung, Erie, Essex, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, Saratoga, St. Lawrence counties",Flora North America
Poaceae,Hordeum,murinum,ssp. glaucum,smooth barley,"Lemmas of the central florets about equal to those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets distinctly pilose on the lower 1/2 anthers of the central florets 0.2-0.6 mm long, those of the lateral florets 1.2-1.8 mm long",N,,"Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas. ",Westchester county 1894 specimen,Flora North America
Poaceae,Hordeum,murinum,ssp. leporinum,mouse barley,Lemmas of the central florets much shorter than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets scabrous on the lower 1/2; anthers of the central and lateral florets simialr in size,N,,"Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas. ","Tompkins, Weschester, Bronx, and ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP counties",Flora North America
Poaceae,Hordeum,murinum,ssp. murinum,wall barley,"Central spikelets sessile to subsessile; lemmas of the central florets subequal to those of the lateral florets, the awns longer than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets almost glabrous ",N,,"Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas. ",ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP county 1880 specimen,Flora North America
Rubiaceae,Houstonia,purpurea,var. calycosa,midwestern purple bluets,"Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 mm wide; sepals 3-6.5 mm long at anthesis",U,SH,Meadows and old fields.,"Tompkins, Essex, and Washington counties",Gleason 1952
Rubiaceae,Houstonia,purpurea,var. purpurea,large purple bluets,"Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10-30 mm wide; sepals at anthesis 1.7-4.5 mm long",U,SH,Dry woods.,Suffolk and Washington counties,Gleason 1952
Cannabaceae,Humulus,lupulus,var. lupuloides,northeastern hops,Abaxial leaf midrib with 20-100 hairs per cm; abaxial leaf surface with more than 25 glands per 10 square mm ,U,,"Thickets, edges of forests, and old home sites.",Washington county 1896 specimen,Haines 2011
Cannabaceae,Humulus,lupulus,var. lupulus,European hops,Abaxial leaf midrib with fewer than 20 hairs per cm; abaxial leaf surface with fewer than 25 glands per 10 square mm,N,,"Thickets, edges of forests, and old home sites.",Mostly statewide,Haines 2011
Cannabaceae,Humulus,lupulus,var. pubescens,midwestern hops,"Lvs with hairs between the veins beneath, and with more than 100 hairs per cm of length along the midrib beneath; smaller lvs usually unilobed, midwestern",Y,,"Thickets, edges of forests, and old home sites.",Cattaraugus county 1926 specimen,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Juncaceae,Juncus,scirpoides,var. compositus,lobe-headed rush,Flower heads conspicuously lobed; mature capsules 2.2–3.6 mm long,,SH,Damp level sand in dunes near the coast.,Queens County 1903 specimen,Werier 2022
Juncaceae,Juncus,scirpoides,var. scirpoides,sedge rush,Flower heads not lobed; mature capsules 3.1–4.5 mm long,,S1,"Pine barrens, oak barrens, swamps, marshes, meadows, interdunal swales, stream and pond shores in moist to wet often sandy sometimes brackish soils","Suffolk, Nassau and Queens counties. ",Werier 2022
Cupressaceae,Juniperus,communis,var. communis,Eurasian common juniper,White stripe on the lvs at least as broad as each margin,N,,"Thickets, edges of forests, and old home sites.",Tompkins county 1946 specimen,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Cupressaceae,Juniperus,communis,var. depressa,American common juniper,White stripe narrower than each margin,Y,,"Rocky summits, dry woodlands and forests, edges of forests, and bluffs.",Scattered statewide,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Asteraceae,Liatris,scariosa,var. nieuwlandii,Nieuwland’s blazing star,"Proximal cauline leaves mostly 25-50(-55) mm wide, hirtello-puberulent (and gland-dotted)",Y,S1,Dry-mesic to dry forest openings in thin well drained soils.,Chemung county 2011 sighting,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Liatris,scariosa,var. novae-angliae,New England blazing star,"Proximal cauline leaves mostly 7-20(-26) mm wide, glabrous or hirtello-puberulent (weakly if at all, gland-dotted)",Y,S2,Open woodlands and barrens.,"Albany, Chemung, Dutchess, Kings, Nassau, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, Queens, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester counties",Flora North America
Oleaceae,Ligustrum,obtusifolium,var. obtusifolium,border privet,"Leaf blades usually sparsely pubescent abaxially; calyx and pedicels densely to moderately pubescent (varying rarely to sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous); basal, conante portion of corolla 2-3 times as long as the lobes; lateral winter buds with acute to obtuse scales",N,,"Forests, floodplain forests, forest edges, thickets, hedgerows, fields, and disturbed soils. Mostly in weedy disturbed or successional forests and fields but also getting into more pristine or high quality forests. By far the most commonly naturalized privet in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP and invasive.",Sparsely scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Oleaceae,Ligustrum,obtusifolium,var. suave,Amur privet,"Leaf blades usually glabrous abaxially; calyx and pedicels glabrous to sparsely pubescent; basal, connate portion of corolla 1.5-2 times as long as the lobes; lateral winter buds with acuminate scales",N,,"Forests, floodplain forests, forest edges, thickets, hedgerows, fields, and disturbed soils. Mostly in weedy disturbed or successional forests and fields but also getting into more pristine or high quality forests. ","Schenectady and Suffolk counties, recent",Haines 2011
Linderniaceae,Lindernia,dubia,var. anagallidea,long-stalked false pimpernel,"Principal foliage leaf blades mostly 6-15(-20) mm long, much larger than the bracts, all broadly rounded at the base; pedicels 10-25 mm long, conspicuously surpassing the bracts (except sometimes the lowest); seeds 1.5-2 time as long as wide",Y,,"Exposed soils of the draw down zones of the edges of rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes including brackish to fresh intertidal estuaries in gravelly to muddy saturated to wet-mesic soils.","Bronx, Kings, Otsego, Queens, Suffolk, Ulster, and Westchester counties",Haines 2011
Linderniaceae,Lindernia,dubia,var. dubia,short-stalked false pimpernel,"Principal foliage leaf blades 10-30 mm long, often not much larger than the bracts, at least the lower ones narrowed to the base; pedicels 1-15 mm long, not conspicuously surpassing the subtending bracts; seeds 2-3 times as long as wide",Y,,"Exposed soils of the draw down zones of the edges of rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes including brackish to fresh intertidal estuaries in gravelly to muddy saturated to wet-mesic soils.","Scattered statewide, less so in Central Western NY and the Adirondacks",Haines 2011
Amaranthaceae,Lipandra,polysperma,var. acutifolia,acute-leaved goosefoot,"Plants upright; inflorescences condensed, spiciform, terminal and axillary; leaf blade apices usually acute, becoming red at maturity",N,,"Roadsides, waste areas, gardens, disturbed soil. ",Onondaga county pre 2000 record,Flora North America
Amaranthaceae,Lipandra,polysperma,var. polysperma,many-seeded goosefoot,"Plants spreading to suberect; inflorescences lax, cymose, axillary; leaf blade apcies usually obtuse, green or yellowish green",N,,"Roadsides, waste areas, gardens, disturbed soil. ","Onondaga, Rensselaer, and Genesee counties",Flora North America
Campanulaceae,Lobelia,spicata,var. hirtella,bristly spiked lobelia,"Stems, bracts, and calyx lobes bristly pubescent with abundant, short, stiff hairs",Y,,Wet to mesic fields and thickets; and disturbed soils. ,Chautauqua county 1927 specimen,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Campanulaceae,Lobelia,spicata,var. spicata,common spiked lobelia,"Plants glabrous or sparingly hairy, the calyx lobes glabrous or occasionally ciliate. ",Y,,Wet to mesic fields and thickets; and disturbed soils. ,Scattered statewide,Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Poaceae,Lolium,perenne,ssp. multiflorum,Italian rye grass,"Plants annual or biennial; spikelets with 10–22 florets; lemma with or rarely without awns, awns to 15 mm long; young shoots with leaf blades inrolled; mature leaf blades (2–)3–8(–13) mm wide",N,,"Roadsides, fields, lawns, and waste places.",Scattered statewide,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Lolium,perenne,ssp. perenne,perennial rye grass,"Plants perennial; spikelets with 2–10 florets; lemma with or without awns, awns to 8 mm long; young shoots with leaf blades folded at least in bud; mature leaf blades (1–)2–4(–6) mm wide",N,,"Roadsides, disturbed soils, successional fields, pastures, and hayfields. Often used in grass seed mixes for stabilization of exposed soils.",Scattered statewide,Werier 2022
Lamiaceae,Lycopus ,americanus,ssp. americanus,American bugleweed,"Freely stonoliferous, stem not winged, lower leaves incised or pinnatifid, especially at base; stamens exserted",Y,,"Marshes, swamps, and edges of ponds and streams. Common in a large variety of wetlands.",Scattered statewide,Fernald 1950
Lamiaceae,Lycopus ,americanus,ssp. laurentianus,St. Lawrence bugleweed,Thicker and shorter subterranean stolons; stem with narrow winged angles; leaves rarely incised; stamens not exserted,Y,,Shores of large lakes. ,"Clinton, Essex and Oneida counties",Fernald 1950
Lamiaceae,Mentha,aquatica,var. aquatica,water mint,"Calyx pubescent; leaf blades usually pubescent, tending to be truncate at the base; sterile plants",N,,"Most common in at least seasonally wet ditches. Also, roadsides, stream banks, and sand and gravel bars in streams.","Chautauqua, Kings, Livingston, Nassau, Orange, Suffolk, and Ulster county ",Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Mentha,aquatica,var. citrata,orange mint,"Calyx glabrous; leaf blades glabrous or nearly so, tending to be subcordate a the base; sterile plants (i.e. not producing fruit)",N,,"Most common in at least seasonally wet ditches. Also, roadsides, stream banks, and sand and gravel bars in streams.",Tompkins county 1920 specimen,Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Monarda,fistulosa,var. fistulosa,common wild bergamot,"Corolla light purple (rarely white); middle lobe of the lower corolla lip 2–4 mm long; bract blades green or tinged with white (rarely with miveins tinged with purple). Petioles and abaxial surface of leaf blades pubescent in part, with spreading hairs (0.5-)1.3 mm long",Y,,"Thickets, successional fields, edges and openings in hardwood forests, bluffs, and roadsides. Mostly in dry to dry-mesic soils in open habitats.","Scattered statewide, mostly Western and Eastern NY",Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Monarda,fistulosa,var. mollis,pale wild bergamot,Corolla light purple (rarely white); middle lobe of the lower corolla lip 2–4 mm long; bract blades green or tinged with white (rarely with miveins tinged with purple). Petioles and abaxial surface of leaf blades pubescent with appressed hairs shorter than 1 mm,Y,,"Thickets, successional fields, edges and openings in hardwood forests, bluffs, and roadsides. Mostly in dry to dry-mesic soils in open habitats.",Scattered statewide,Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Monarda,fistulosa,var. rubra,red wild bergamot,Corolla purple to red-purple; middle lobe of the lower corolla lip 4-6 mm long; bract blades tinged with purple ,U,,"Thickets, successional fields, edges and openings in hardwood forests, bluffs, and roadsides. Mostly in dry to dry-mesic soils in open habitats.",Tompkins county 1886 specimen,Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Monarda,punctata,var. punctata,dotted horse mint,Stem thinly canescent with short recurved hairs. Leaves more or less hairy but not concealing the glands.,Y,,"Sandy fields, roadsides, and utility rights-of-way.","Suffolk, Richmond, Jefferson and Saratoga counties",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Lamiaceae,Monarda,punctata,var. villicaulis,hairy horse mint,"The hairs of the stem longer and more spreading and with the leaves densely hairy beneath, the hairs mostly concealing the glands. ",Y,,"Sandy fields, roadsides, and utility rights-of-way.","Suffolk, Albany north to Clinton and St. Lawrence River counties, Ontario ",Gleason & Cronquist 1991
Nymphaeaceae,Nymphaea,odorata,ssp. odorata,fragrant white water lily,"Petiole not striped, rarely faintly striped; leaf blade abaxially usually reddish purple, occasionally green; seeds 1.5-2.5 mm",Y,,"Lakes, ponds, and slow moving water of streams.",Mostly statewide,Haines 2011
Nymphaeaceae,Nymphaea,odorata,ssp. tuberosa,tuberous white water lily,Petiole with brown-purple stripes; leaf blade abaxially green or faintly purple; seeds mostly 2.8-4.5 mm ,Y,,"Lakes, ponds, and slow moving water of streams.","Westchester, Dutchess, and Oswego counties",Haines 2011
Onagraceae,Oenothera,fruticosa,ssp. fruticosa,southern sundrops,Pubescence of ovary mostly or entirely of eglandular hairs; capsules widest above the middle; leaf blades pubescent and often subentire,Y,,"Edges of salt marshes, brackish ponds and brackish tidal rivers.","Otsego, Bronx, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk counties",Haines 2011
Onagraceae,Oenothera,fruticosa,ssp. tetragona,northern sundrops,Pubescence of ovary mostly or entirely of glandular hairs; capsules widest near middle; leaf blades often subglabrous and obscurely dentate ,Y,,"Dry, open, sandy habitats inland from the coast.","Long Island, Bronx, Westchester, Ulster, Chemung, Cattaraugus, Erie, Essex, Washington, Saratoga, Schenectady counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Panicum,amarum,ssp. amarulum,tall dune panic grass,"Rhizomes short, ascending; plants 1–2(–3) m tall, in dense clumps; panicles usually with 2 or more branches per node",N,,"Maritime dunes, sandy maritime areas, and disturbed areas.",Queens county 2007 specimen,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Panicum,amarum,ssp. amarum,dune panic grass,"Rhizome elongate, horizontally spreading; plants 0.2–1.5 m tall, solitary or in loose clumps; panicles usually with 1–2 branches per node",Y,S3,Maritime dunes and sandy maritime areas.,Long Island and Richmond county ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Panicum,dichotomiflorum,ssp. dichotomiflorum,smooth panic grass,"Spikelets 2.2–3.8 mm long, longer ones > 2.3 mm long",Y,,"Roadsides, disturbed soils, fill piles, gravel pits, waste places,
successional fields, cultivated ground, pond and lake shores, stream and river edges, tidal marshes with sparse vegetation, and draw-down zones in streams","Scattered statewide, less so in the Adirondacks",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Panicum,dichotomiflorum,ssp. puritanorum,shoreline panic grass,Spikelets 1.8-2.2 mm long,Y,,Coastal plain pond shores.,Suffolk county 1993 specimen,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Panicum,philadelphicum,ssp. gattingeri,Gattinger’s witch grass,"Uppermost leaf blade length about ≥ ½ the length of the terminal panicle, (0.41–)0.49–0.82× as long as the panicle; exserted portion of peduncle (sometimes not exserted) of terminal very mature inflorescences (spikelets falling) 0–0.57(–0.67)× as long as the length of the inflorescence; pedicels at most with stiff short (≤ 0.2 mm long) hairs and without much longer hairs present towards the pedicel apex",Y,,"Roadsides, ditches, disturbed areas, fields including agricultural fields, lake and
pond margins, stream and river edges, and draw-down zones in water bodies.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Panicum,philadelphicum,ssp. philadelphicum,Philadelphia witch grass,"Uppermost leaf blade length slightly greater than to less than ½ the length of the terminal panicle, 0.26–0.60× as long as the panicle; exserted portion of peduncle of terminal very mature inflorescences (spikelets falling) (0.55–)0.68–1.50× as long as the length of the inflorescence; pedicels with stiff short (≤ 0.2 mm long) hairs and with or without at least one to a few proportionally much longer (0.3–0.6 mm long) hairs at or near the pedicel apex",Y,,"Rocky summits, thin soils over bedrock, barrens, roadsides, utility right-of-ways, dry fields, and very rarely in agricultural fields. Mostly of high quality natural areas or disturbed areas that somewhat mimic those natural areas.","Scattered across Central, Eastern NY, Adirondacks, Lower Hudon, Long Island, and ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP regions",Werier 2022
Caryophyllaceae,Paronychia,fastigiata,var. fastigiata,hairy forked chickweed,Sepal awns 0.05-0.15 mm,Y,,"Thin deciduous forests, woodlands, rocky summits, and roadsides. Mostly in disturbed thin dry soils. It occurs in similar habitats to P. canadensis but is much less common and perhaps tending to be in drier more open sites.","Scattered in Eastern NY, Lower Hudson, Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, and Chemung county",Haines 2011
Caryophyllaceae,Paronychia,fastigiata,var. nuttallii,Nuttall’s forked chickweed,Sepal awns 0.2-0.3 mm,Y,,"Thin deciduous forests, woodlands, rocky summits, and roadsides. Mostly in disturbed thin dry soils. It occurs in similar habitats to P. canadensis but is much less common and perhaps tending to be in drier more open sites.",Rensselaer county 1932 specimen,Haines 2011
Poaceae,Paspalum,setaceum,var. muhlenbergii,hurrah bead grass,"Spikelets relatively large, 1.8–2.4 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide. Reproductive stems ascending to erect; spikelets glabrous or with a few hairs; at least many of the lower lemmas
(the flat side of the spikelet) with an evident midvein; upper leaf blade surfaces excluding edges with sparse to abundant relatively long (> 1.0 mm long) stiff hairs, sometimes also with some smaller softer hairs",Y,,"Fields, lawns, maritime grasslands, dry forests especially in openings or disturbed areas, pond edges, roadsides, and other disturbed areas generally in sandy soils.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Paspalum,setaceum,var. psammophilum,sand bead grass,"Spikelets relatively large, 1.8–2.4 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide. Reproductive stems prostrate to slightly ascending; spikelets abundantly pubescent; lower lemmas (the flat side of the spikelet) lacking an evident midvein; upper leaf blade surfaces excluding edges lacking or with just a few scattered relatively long (> 1.0 mm long) stiff hairs but with dense short (< 1.0 mm long) soft hairs",Y,,Dry sandy woods and open areas sometimes in disturbed sites.,"Long Island except Kings county, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, Bronx, Richmond, and Westchester counties",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Paspalum,setaceum,var. setaceum,thin bead grass,"Spikelets relatively small, 1.4–1.8 mm long, 1.1–1.4 mm wide",Y,,"Dry forests, fields, roadsides, trail edges, and disturbed site generally in dry sandy soils in open sites.","Westchester, Suffolk, Nassau, Richmond, and Bronx counties",Werier 2022
Lamiaceae,Perilla,frutescens,var. crispa,"crisped beefsteak plant, shiso","Leaf blades prominently serrate, with long, sharp teeth, purple of both surfaces",N,,Roadsides and disturbed places. Quite rare in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.,Tompkins county 1936 specimen,Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Perilla,frutescens,var. frutescens,beefsteak plant,"Leaf blades crenate-serrate to low-serrate, sometimes green on the adaxial surface, otherwise purple",N,,Roadsides and disturbed places. Quite rare in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.,"Kings, Westchester, Rockland, Ulster, Albany, and Schenectady counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Poa,pratensis,ssp. angustifolia,narrow-leaved Kentucky blue grass,"All leaf blades of vegetative shoots tightly inrolled to tightly folded and narrow, wider ones 0.5–1.0 mm wide",N,,This subspecies is able to grow in very dry sites and tolerates salt well.,Scattered statewide,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Poa,pratensis,ssp. pratensis,common Kentucky blue grass,"At least some leaf blades of vegetative shoots in part flat or loosely folded and relatively wide, wider ones 1.0–4.0 mm wide (inrolled and narrower ones may also be present)",N,,"Lawns, successional fields, hayfields, pastures, cultivated ground, roadsides, disturbed sites, and waste places. Often used in lawn grass seed mixes.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Poa,saltuensis,ssp. languida,weak blue grass,Lemma apices viewed from the sides broadly acute with an angle ≥ 45°; anthers 0.6–1.0(–1.2) mm long; upper most ligules mostly 2.0–5.0 mm long,Y,,"Dry to moist forests, forest edges, rocky openings, barrens, and hummocks in swamps with a tendency towards circumneutral or basic soils.","Scattered statewide, mostly Central and Western NY",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Poa,saltuensis,ssp. saltuensis,common weak blue grass,"Lemma apices viewed from the sides acute, often narrowly so with an angle ≤ 50°; anthers (0.8–)0.9–1.4 mm long; upper most ligules mostly 0.8–2.5 mm long",Y,,"Dry to moist forests, forest edges, and rocky openings.",Scattered statewide,Werier 2022
Cleomaceae,Polanisia,dodecandra,ssp. dodecandra,red-whiskered clammyweed,"Petals 3.5–6.5 (–8) mm long; longest stamens 4–10 (–14) mm long, scarcely if at all exceeding the petals",Y,,Gravel and sand bars of streams and disturbed areas. A very distinctive plant often occurring in open disturbed areas of streams that are seasonally flooded and the adjacent herbaceous vegetation is not thick.,Scattered mostly in eastern and western counties,Haines 2011
Cleomaceae,Polanisia,dodecandra,ssp. trachysperma,rough-seeded clammyweed,"Petals (7–) 8–13 (–16) mm long; longest stamens (9–) 12–30 mm long, much exceeding the petals",N,,Gravel and sand bars of streams and disturbed areas. A very distinctive plant often occurring in open disturbed areas of streams that are seasonally flooded and the adjacent herbaceous vegetation is not thick.,Dutchess county 1992 specimen,Haines 2011
Asparagaceae,Polygonatum,biflorum,var. biflorum,small Solomon’s seal,"Rhizomes 6-15 mm thick, stems 1.5-5 mm thick at the lowest leaves, peduncles 2- 3(-5)-flowered, tepals 10-17 mm long",Y,,"Mesic to dry hardwood forests, stream banks, alluvial thickets, woodlands, and edges of forests. Polygonatum biflorum sensu stricto usually occurs in drier, sandier or rockier habitats where P. pubescens does not occur.","Scattered statewide, less so in the Adirondacks",Haines 2011
Asparagaceae,Polygonatum,biflorum,var. commutatum,large Solomon’s seal,"Rhizomes 15-30 mm thick, stems 5-13 mm thick at the lowest leaves, peduncles 2- to 10-flowered, tepals 17-20 mm long",Y,,"Mesic to dry hardwood forests, stream banks, alluvial thickets, woodlands, and edges of forests. Polygonatum biflorum sensu stricto usually occurs in drier, sandier or rockier habitats where P. pubescens does not occur.","Scattered statewide, mostly Eastern NY",Haines 2011
Polygonaceae,Polygonum,aviculare,ssp. aviculare,common knotweed,"Tepals basally connate (15–) 20–40 (–42)% of their length [Fig. 797]; leaves homophyllous or, more commonly, heterophyllous; leaf blades ellipitic to oblanceolate, (6-)10-20 mm wide, 2-4.5 times as long as wide; tepals oblong, cucullate in fruit; cymes 3-8 flowered, aggregated at tips of stems and branches; achenes enclosed in or barely exerted from perianth; broad distribution in North America",N,,"Roadsides, dirt roads, disturbed sites, rocky openings in woodlands, waste places, and cultivated ground.",Scattered statewide less so in the Southern Tier and Adirondacks,Haines 2011
Polygonaceae,Polygonum,aviculare,ssp. depressum,oval-leaved knotweed,"Leaves usually homophyllous or nearly so, leaf blades 2.8–5.7 (–6.5) times as long as wide; tepals basally connate 40–57% of their length, green or reddish brown, margins white, veins unbranched or with 1 or 2 lateral veins.",N,,"Roadsides, dirt roads, disturbed sites, sandy lake shores, waste places including cracks in sidewalks, and cultivated ground.",Scattered statewide,Haines 2011
Polygonaceae,Polygonum,aviculare,ssp. neglectum,narrow-leaved knotweed,"Leaves usually homophyllous or nearly so, leaf blades (3.4–) 4.2–9.2 times as long as wide (in part); tepals basally connate 28–48% of their length,  green, margins usually pink or red, rarely white, veins branched; ",N,,"Roadsides, dirt roads, disturbed sites, sandy lake shores, waste places including cracks in sidewalks, and cultivated ground.",Sparsely scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Polygonaceae,Polygonum,ramosissimum,ssp. prolificum,proliferous knotweed,"Flowers barely or not exserted from their bracteoles, on pedicels 1–2 mm long; plants nearly homophyllous; leaf blades rounded to obtuse at apex, usually blue-green when fresh, drying brown to brown-black; tepals with white to pink margins",Y,,"Saline and brackish marshes, roadsides, waste areas, dumps.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, St. Lawrence, Oneida, Onondaga, Wayne, Erie, and Wyoming counties",Haines 2011
Polygonaceae,Polygonum,ramosissimum,ssp. ramosissimum,bushy knotweed,"Flowers evidently exserted from their bracteoles (i.e., ocreolae), on pedicels (2–) 2.5–6 mm long; plants heterophyllous; leaf blades obtuse to acuminate at apex, often bright-green to yellow-green, even in drying; tepals with yellow to yellow-green margins, only rarely with white to pink margins ",Y,,"Saline and brackish marshes, roadsides, waste areas, dumps.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, and sparsely scattered counties statewide",Haines 2011
Salicaceae,Populus,deltoides,ssp. deltoides,eastern cottonwood,"Leaf blades: apices short-acuminate, bases usually with 0 or 3-6 tubular basilaminar glands; pedicel lengths progressively graded or uniform, 1-13 (-17 in fruit) mm",Y,,"Floodplain and low forests, streamsides, gravel and sand bars in streams, ditches, swamps, and occasionally on upper and middle slopes of hardwood mesic forests.",Statewide,Flora North America
Salicaceae,Populus,deltoides,ssp. monilifera,plains cottonwood,"Leaf blades: apices long-acuminate, bases usually with 2 round basilaminar glands; pedicel lengths uniform, 1-6(-8 in fruit) mm.",Y,,"Floodplain and low forests, streamsides, gravel and sand bars in streams, ditches, swamps, and occasionally on upper and middle slopes of hardwood mesic forests.","Ontario County 1937 specimen, Cayuga County 2011 specimen",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Potentilla,anserina,ssp. anserina,common silverweed,"Epicalyx bractlets equal to or longer than sepals, often 2-fid or dentate; leaflet surfaces: abaxial with cottony-crisped hairs dense, long hairs common to abundant, on and between veins, adaxial glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy; achenes with dorsal groove; inland and seashore plants ",Y,,"Shores of ponds, lakes, and streams, thickets, and disturbed sites often in sandy wet to wet-mesic soils.","Counties that border the Great Lakes except Orleans county, Long Island, and scattered counties inland",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Potentilla,anserina,ssp. pacifica,coastal silverweed,"Epicalyx bractlets shorter than sepals, usually entire, rarely 2-fid or dentate; leaflet surfaces: abaxial with cottony-crisped hairs absent or sparse to dense, long hairs absent or sparse, on veins, adaxial usually glabrous, rarely sparsely to densely hairy; achenes without dorsal groove; seashore or near-coastal plants ",Y,S2,Upper edges of brackish and salt marshes and adjacent maritime habitats.,"Suffolk county, recent",Flora North America
Lamiaceae,Prunella,vulgaris,ssp. lanceolata,American self heal,"Middle stem leaf blades lanceolate to narrow-oblong, usually cuneate at the base, 2-5 times as long as wide",Y,,,"Jefferson, Ontario, and St. Lawrence counties. Surely more common.  ",Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Prunella,vulgaris,ssp. vulgaris,Eurasian self heal,"Middle stem leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, usually rounded at the base, 1.5-2.5 times aas long as wide",N,,"Lawns, fields, ditches, roadsides, stream banks, weedy successional forests, and thickets. Quite weedy and common. It often occurs in at least seasonally wet depressions. It can sometimes be found in native habitats very far from disturbed areas.",Mostly statewide,Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Prunus,pumila,var. depressa,dwarf cherry,"Stems prostrate to decumbent; leaf blades oblanceolate, lengths ca. 3.7 times widths; stones ovoid to fusiform, 4.5–5 mm wide. ",Y,S2,Ice and river scour meadows and thickets along large rivers.,"Mostly Northern NY, Bronx, and Suffolk counties",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Prunus,pumila,var. pumila,Great Lakes sand cherry,"Stems usually erect-ascending, sometimes decumbent or sprawling; leaf blades elliptic, obovate, or oblanceolate, lengths ca. 2.9–3.3 times widths; stones subglobose to ovoid, 5–7 mm wide ",Y,S1,Sand dunes along the edge of Lake Ontario.,"Oswego county, recent",Flora North America
Dennstaedtiaceae,Pteridium,aquilinum,ssp. latiusculum,eastern bracken fern,Terminal segments of pinnules 2-4 times longer than wide; segment margins and abaxial surface of blade midrib and costae shaggy hairy,Y,,"Hardwood or pine forests, utility rights-of-way, fields, and thickets. Mostly in thin acidic soils and often associated with Vaccinium and Gaylussacia species.",Statewide except Yates county,Flora North America
Dennstaedtiaceae,Pteridium,aquilinum,ssp. pseudocaudatum,southeastern bracken fern,Terminal segments of pinnules ca. 6-15 times longer than wide; segment margins and abaxial surface of blade midrib and costae sparsely pilose to glabrous,Y,SH,"Hardwood or pine forests, utility rights-of-way, fields, and thickets. Mostly in thin acidic soils and often associated with Vaccinium and Gaylussacia species.","Richmond 1889 and 1901 specimens, Suffolk County 1932 specimen",Flora North America
Lamiaceae,Pycnanthemum,verticillatum,var. pilosum,hairy mountain mint,Faces of upper stem internodes conspicuosly pilose with spreading haris; pubescence of abaxial leaf blade conspicuous and uniform across the surface,N,,"Rocky slopes, outcrops, along railroad tracks, open woods, stream valleys and thickets, grasslands.",Albany County 1932 specimen Wayne County pre 1910 specimen,Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Pycnanthemum,verticillatum,var. verticillatum,whorled mountain mint,"Faces of upper stem internodes moderately to sparsely pubescent with short, pilose hairs; pubescence  of abaxial leaf blade chiefly or entirely confined to the veins",Y,S1S2,"Fens, inter-dunal swales, and other open, calcareous wetlands, usually on wet sandy substrates(ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP Natural Heritage Program 2008). Dry to moist thickets, clearings, swales or wet peat (Fernald 1970). Upland woods and thickets (Gleason & Cronquist 1991 1991). Abandoned fields, swampy meadows, marshes, and woods.","Suffolk, Saratoga, Delaware, Ulster, St. Lawrence, and Genesee counties",Haines 2011
Ranunculaceae,Ranunculus,flammula,var. ovalis,wider-leaved creeping spearwort,Leaf blades 0.2-0.8 cm wide,Y,,Muddy ground or shallow water.,"Livingston, Cayuga, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties",Flora North America
Ranunculaceae,Ranunculus,flammula,var. reptans,narrow-leaved creeping spearwort,Leaf blades 0.04-0.1 cm wide,Y,,Shallow water to saturated soils on shores and edges of lakes and ponds.,"Scattered in Northern and Central NY, Chautauqua, Albany, Columbia, and Otsego counties ",Flora North America
Orobanchaceae,Rhinanthus,minor,ssp. groenlandicus,arctic yellow rattle,"Leaf blades narrow-oblong to oblong, obtuse to acute at the apex, 2.1-3.7(-4.4) times as long as wide; lower wing margin of seed usually only somewhat corky-thickened",Y,,Alpine meadows of high peaks. ,Essex county recent,Haines 2011
Orobanchaceae,Rhinanthus,minor,ssp. minor,little yellow rattle,"Leaf blades narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, (3.5-)3.8-8.3 time as long as wide; lower wing margin of seed usually conspicuously corky-thickened, the thickened portion clearly defined",N,,"Roadsides, disturbed sites, successional fields, and gravelly banks of streams.","Essex, Washington, St. Lawrence, Clinton, Rensselaer, Lewis, and Montgomery ",Haines 2011
Anacardiaceae,Rhus,copallinum,var. copallinum,common winged sumac,"Leaflets 11-25, attenuate to base, 2-9 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, either >3× as long as wide or < 4 cm long; leaflet margins entire (rarely serrate); leaflet apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or acuminate (often at least the more basal leaflets with an obtuse tip)",Y,,"Exposed rocky ridges, burned over areas, thickets, and fields.  Soils often dry and sandy.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, Lower Hudson regions, mostly Eastern NY and some Central and Western NY",Weakley 2024
Anacardiaceae,Rhus,copallinum,var. latifolia,broad-leaved winged sumac,"Leaflets 5-13, rounded to base on the upper side, 4-9 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, > 2.5× as long as wide; leaflet margins entire or serrate;
leaflet apex acute or acuminate tip",Y,,"Exposed rocky ridges, burned over areas, thickets, and fields.  Soils often dry and sandy.",Oswego county 1922 specimen,Weakley 2024
Fabaceae,Robinia,hispida,var. fertilis,fertile bristly locust,"Plants producing abundant fruit; leaflets elliptic to elliptic-oblong or ellipitic-obovate, acute to obtuse at the apex, at least sparsely pubescent abaxially, 7-25 mm wide; flowers 20-25 mm long",N,,"Roadsides, dirt road edges in forests, thickets, and disturbed soils. Rare in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.","Albany, Warren, St. Lawrence counties",Haines 2011
Fabaceae,Robinia,hispida,var. hispida,bristly locust,"Plants rarely fruiting, and when fruits are produced these are often without seeds; leaflets oval to suborbicular, rounded to obtuse at apex, +/- glabrous abaxially, 15-45 mm wide; flowers 25-30 mm long",N,,"Roadsides, dirt road edges in forests, thickets, and disturbed soils. Rare in ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.",Sparesesly scattered counties statewide,Haines 2011
Brassicaceae,Rorippa,palustris,ssp. hispida,hairy yellow cress,Stems and abaxial leaf blades surfaces often densely hirsute,Y,,"Streams, lake shores, ditches, swamps, tidal and non-tidal marshes.","Scattered in northern counties, the ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, and Chemung county ",Flora North America
Brassicaceae,Rorippa,palustris,ssp. palustris,marsh yellow cress,"Stems and abaxial leaf blades surfaces usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent near the base",Y,,"Streams, lake shores, ditches, swamps, tidal and non-tidal marshes.",Scattered statewide ,Flora North America
Rosaceae,Rosa,carolina,ssp. carolina,eastern pasture rose,"Stems spreading, sometimes erect; Reproductive branchlets armed primarily with thin (rarely stout) nodal prickles, the internodal prickles and/or bristles lacking or present and few and scattered; hypanthia and pedicels almost always stipitate-glandular; branches relatively thin",Y,,"Edges of forests, thin canopied forests, woodlands, edges of paths and dirt roads through forests, successional fields, and forests openings. Generally in dry to dry-mesic soils.",Scattered statewide,Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Rosa,carolina,ssp. subserrulata,midwestern pasture rose,"Stems erect; Reproductive branchlets armed with stout or, less commonly, thin nodal prickles and abundant internodal prickles and bristles; hypanthia and pedicels stipitate-glandular or not; branches relatively thick",Y,,"Edges of forests, thin canopied forests, woodlands, edges of paths and dirt roads through forests, successional fields, and forests openings. Generally in dry to dry-mesic soils.","Genesee County 1931 specimen,  Warren County 1927, 1931 specimens, Clinton County 1972 observations",Haines 2011
Rosaceae,Rubus,idaeus,ssp. idaeus,European red raspberry,Stems eglandular,N,,"Logged forests, forest openings, tip-up mounds at bases of fallen trees, roadsides, disturbed sites, talus slopes, and rocky openings. Very common and widespread in the cooler parts of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP and less widespread and more of a habitat specialist in the warmer parts of the state.","Suffolk, Bronx, Albany, Madison, and Wyoming counties ",Flora North America
Rosaceae,Rubus,idaeus,ssp. strigosus,American red raspberry,Stems stipitate-glandular ,Y,,"Logged forests, forest openings, tip-up mounds at bases of fallen trees, roadsides, disturbed sites, talus slopes, and rocky openings. Very common and widespread in the cooler parts of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP and less widespread and more of a habitat specialist in the warmer parts of the state.",Mostly statewide ,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Rudbeckia,fulgida,var. speciosa,showy coneflower,Cauline leaves not notably smaller distally,N,,"Dry to mesic, sunny to shady anthropogenic, disturbed habitats, meadows and fields.","Madison, Cayuga, Richmond, and Livingston counties ",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Rudbeckia,fulgida,var. sullivantii,Sullivant’s coneflower,Cauline leaves notably smaller distally,N,,"Swamps, shorelines, fens, sedge meadows.",Cayuga county 1945 specimen,Flora North America
Salicaceae,Salix,cinerea,ssp. cinerea,gray willow,"Mature leaf blades pubescent with gray hairs on the abaxial surface (i.e., red-brown hairs absent), usually gray-green and dull on the adaxial surface; brachlets +/- gray at maturity and usually persistently pubescent",N,,"Fields, roadsides, waste areas, pond shores.","Long Island, except Kings county; Westchester county",Haines 2011
Salicaceae,Salix,cinerea,ssp. oleifolia,rusty willow,"Mature leaf blades pubescent with both gray and red-brown haris on the abaxial surface, usually dark green and sometimes sublustrous on the adaxial surface; branchlets red to red-brown at maturity and usually becoming glabrate later in season",N,,"Roadsides, forest edges, wet to dry-mesic thickets, swamps, streamsides, and edges of lakes.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, Lower Hudson, Rennselaer, Hamilton, and Erie counties ",Haines 2011
Salicaceae,Salix,humilis,var. humilis,prairie willow,"Stipules on late leaves foliaceous; largest medial blades (20-)50-90(-135) mm; petioles (1.5-)3-7(-12) mm; staminate catkins 14.5-34 mm; pistillate catkins longer than 20 mm; peeled wood smooth or striate, striae dense, to 20 mm",Y,,"Forest edges, forest openings, occasionally in thin forests, successional fields, utility rights-of-way, ditches, and perhaps sparsely in wetlands.",Scattered statewide,Flora North America
Salicaceae,Salix,humilis,var. tristis,dwarf prairie willow,"Stipules on late leaves absent or rudimentary; largest medial blades (13-)20-50(-70) mm; petioles 0.5-3(-6) mm; staminate catkins 6.5-13.5 mm; pistilate catkins shorter than 20 mm; peeled wood smooth or striate, striae sparse, to 2 mm",Y,,"Open pine woods or barrens, moist grasslands, swampy areas in open deciduous woods, stream banks.","Long Island, Westchester, St. Lawrence, Albany, Schenectady, Tioga, Cattaraugus counties",Flora North America
Amaranthaceae,Salsola,kali,ssp. kali,northern saltwort,"Sepals with a distinct midvein prolonged into a rigid, spine tip; bracteoles not swollen, distinct; stems usually papillose to hispid (rarely glabrous)",N,,"Open sandy areas, maritime beaches and dunes. ","Long Island, Orange, Saratoga, Oneida, and Onondaga counties",Haines 2011
Amaranthaceae,Salsola,kali,ssp. pontica,southern saltwort,"Sepals with an obscure midvein and a weak apex; bracteoles swollen, connate at the base; stems usually glabrous (infrequently papillose to hispid)",N,,Sandy maritime areas.,Bronx county 1899 specimen,Haines 2011
Apiaceae,Sanicula,canadensis,var. canadensis,common Canada sanicle,"Umbellets of only one type usually present- those with both bisexual and staminate flowers, those with only staminate flowers are rare; ubelletes with both types of flowers bearing 1-3 staminate flowers borne on pedicels up to 2 mm long; styles shorter than or equal in length to calyx; triad of fruits mostly 7-9 mm wide",Y,,Mesic forests and thickets at least sometimes in rich sites. Dry-mesic forests on sandy soils.,"Long Island, Eastern NY, and scattered in Western and Central NY",Haines 2011
Apiaceae,Sanicula,canadensis,var. grandis,big-fruited Canada sanicle,Umbellets of both types sometimes present- those with both bisexual and staminate flowers and those with only staminate flowers; umbellets with both types of flowers bearing 3-15 staminate flowers borne on pedicels 2-3 mm long; styles ca. 1.5 times as long as the caylx; triad of fruits mostly 7-9 mm wide,Y,,Mesic forests and thickets at least sometimes in rich sites. Dry-mesic forests on sandy soils.,Jefferson county 1963 specimen,Haines 2011
Cyperaceae,Schoenoplectiella,smithii,var. setosa,Smith’s bristly bulrush,"Perianth bristles 4-6, equaling to twice as long as achene, densely spinulose",Y,,"Freshwater habitats with relatively stable water levels including shorelines or lakes and pond, peat mats, and bogs.","Washington, Warren, Fulton, and Jefferson county",Flora North America
Cyperaceae,Schoenoplectiella,smithii,var. smithii,Smith’s bulrush,Perianth bristles absent or rudimentary,Y,,Freshwater tidal habitats or areas with significant water fluctuation including edges of large lakes and rivers.,"Central and Eastern NY, partially in the Adirondacks",Flora North America
Lamiaceae,Scutellaria,parvula,var. missouriensis,Leonard’s skullcap,"Stems pubescent with minute, curved-ascending eglandular hairs; caylx pubescent with eglandular hairs; principal leaf blades with (1-)2(-3) pairs of lateral veins",Y,,"Woodlands, ledges, balds, river banks, meadows, fields, disturbed soil, often associated with thin soils over bedrock.","Nassau, Washington, Erie, and Niagara counties",Haines 2011
Lamiaceae,Scutellaria,parvula,var. parvula,small skullcap,"Stem pubescent with minute, retrorse eglandular hairs and longer, spreading, glandular hairs; calyx pubescent, in part, with glandular hairs; principal leaf blades with (2–) 3–5 pairs of lateral veins.",Y,S3,"Alvars, fields, and thickets. Predominately in open habitats over calcareous bedrock or soils.","Wayne and Jefferson counties, recent",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Setaria,viridis,var. major,giant green foxtail,Stems 1–2.5 m tall; leaf blades 1.0–2.5 cm wide; panicles 10–20 cm long,N,,"Roadsides, disturbed soil, cultivated fields, railroads.",Albany county 1948 specimen,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Setaria,viridis,var. viridis,green foxtail,Stems < 1 m tall; leaf blades 0.4–1.5 cm wide; panicles 2–15 cm long,N,,"Roadsides, disturbed soil, cultivated fields, railroads.",Mostly statewide,Werier 2022
Asteraceae,Solidago,canadensis,var. canadensis,Canada goldenrod,"Leaf blades abaxially subglabrous or pubescent only on the midvein and lateral veins, adaxially glabrous or scabrous ; stems generally pubescent only in the apical half",Y,,"Wet-mesic to dry-mesic successional fields, pastures, road banks, disturbed soil, clearings or openings in forests, and forests. In forested environments this species occurs in small numbers often in disturbed soils. It is a small somewhat less aggressive plant than S. altissima and prefers slightly wetter soils.","Mostly statewide except Lower Hudson region, parts of Central, Western, and Eastern NY",Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Solidago,canadensis,var. hargeri,Harger’s goldenrod,"Leaf blades abaxially pubescent on and between the veins, adaxially pubescent or scabrous; stems generally pubescent to the base",Y,,"Successional fields, pastures, road banks, and disturbed soil. It occasionally occurs in forested environments in disturbed soils. ","Cattaraugus, Erie, Chemung, Tompkins, Cayuga, Oneida, and Albany counties",Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Solidago,rugosa,var. aspera,southern wrinkle-leaved goldenrod,"Leaves relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy; ray florets 4–9",Y,,"Sandy, silty, and clay soils, fields, thickets, edges of woods, roadsides, ditches.","Suffolk, Westchester, Dutchess, and St. Lawrence counties",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Solidago,rugosa,var. rugosa,common wrinkle-leaved goldenrod,"Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13. Stems and leaves hairy",Y,,"Successional fields, pastures, wet to mesic forests, swamps, and roadsides. A common widespread species it can form dense large patches in fields. It prefers at least slightly wetter than mesic soils although it grows in mesic conditions as well.",Mostly statewide except parts of Central NY,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Solidago,rugosa,var. sphagnophila,swamp wrinkle-leaved goldenrod,"Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13. Stems and leaves glabrous",Y,,Mostly coastal cedar bogs and swamps but some inland swamps. ,"Suffolk, Nassau, Bronx, Seneca, and Ontario counties",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Solidago,uliginosa,var. peracuta,slender bog goldenrod,"Slender, 0.2-9 dm high. Cauline leaves 5-20 (rarely 30), linear or lanceolate; lower narrowly lanceolateor oblanceolate, 0.7-3 cm broad. Panicle elongate-pyramidal to cylindric-ellipsoid, commonly 1-sided, 0.2-2.5 dm long, 1-10 cm thick. ",Y,,"	Open to partially forested wet peatlands from rich fens and swamps to more acidic ""bogs"". Usually not in mineral soil swamps or marshes but restricted to the more unique peatland environments.",Staten Island for now but may be upstate more when specimens are examined. ,Fernald 1950
Asteraceae,Solidago,uliginosa,var. uliginosa,bog goldenrod,"Stoutish, 6-15 dm high. Cauline leaves 20-40, the upper oblong-lanceolate; the lower ovate-lanceolate to oblong and 3-8 cm broad. Panicle elongate-pyramidal to ellipsoid, 1-4.5 dm long, 0.3-2.5 dm broad. ",Y,,"	Open to partially forested wet peatlands from rich fens and swamps to more acidic ""bogs"". Usually not in mineral soil swamps or marshes but restricted to the more unique peatland environments.",Across the state but less common in south central and southeast NY. ,Fernald 1950
Asteraceae,Sonchus,arvensis,ssp. arvensis,field sow thistle,Peduncles stipitate-glandular; phyllaries stipitate-glandular,N,,"Roadsides, cultivated ground, disturbed areas, and waste places.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, mostly parts of the Adirondacks, Central and Western NY, Scattered in Eastern NY",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Sonchus,arvensis,ssp. uliginosus,smooth sow thistle,"Peduncles sessile-glandular; phyllaries usually sessile-glandular, rarely tomentose",N,,"Roadsides, cultivated ground, disturbed areas, and waste places.",Scattered statewide ,Flora North America
Poaceae,Sorghum ,bicolor,ssp. bicolor,sorghum,"Panicle remaining intact and not breaking apart even at maturity, compact and dense; fruits much to barely exposed at maturity. ",N,,"Roadsides, cultivated ground, disturbed areas, and waste places.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Poaceae,Sorghum ,bicolor,ssp. drummondii,Sudan grass,"Panicle tardily breaking apart at maturity, open to somewhat open; fruits enclosed within glumes at maturity or barely exposed. ",N,,"Roadsides, cultivated ground, disturbed areas, and waste places.","Albany, Madison and Tompkins counties 1920s and 30s records",Werier 2022
Rosaceae,Spiraea,alba,var. alba,narrow-leaved meadowsweet,"Leaves with lengths 3-4 times widths, margins finely serrate to serrulate; inflorescences narrowly conic",Y,,"Streamside meadows, swamps, wet forests, marshes, peatlands, wet thickets, forest openings, ditches, and thin soil over bedrock on exposed open rocky summits.",Mostly Western and Central NY; Rockland county,Flora North America
Rosaceae,Spiraea,alba,var. latifolia,broad-leaved meadowsweet,"Leaves with lengths 2-3 times widths, margins coarsely serrate; inflorescences open, pyramidal",Y,,"Streamside meadows, swamps, wet forests, marshes, peatlands, wet thickets, forest openings, ditches, and thin soil over bedrock on exposed open rocky summits.","Eastern, Central NY, Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, Adirondacks, Erie county",Flora North America
Orchidaceae,Spiranthes,lacera,var. gracilis,southern slender ladyies' tresses,"Flowers relatively densely arranged on the spike, loosely to tightly spiraled, the ratio of spike length in mm to flower number less than 2.3; basal leaves usually absent at anthesis; rachis of inflorescence glabrous",Y,,"Dry to moist meadows, grasslands, barrens, open woods, dunes, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns.","Long Island, Lower Hudson, scattered statewide",Haines 2011
Orchidaceae,Spiranthes,lacera,var. lacera,northern slender ladies’ tresses,"Flowers relatively loosely arranged on the spike, secund to loosely spiraled, the ratio of spike length in mm to flower number equal to or greater than 2.3; basal leaves usually persisting through anthesis; rachis of inflorescence sparsely pubescent",Y,,"Dry to moist meadows, open woods, barrens, old fields, roadsides, 0–700 m.","Mostly Eastern and Northern NY, scattered in Central and Western NY",Haines 2011
Caprifoliaceae,Symphoricarpos,albus,var. albus,common snowberry,Branchlets usually pubescent; leaf blades usually pubescent abaxially; drupe 6-10 mm in diameter; native shrubs of the western New England up to 1 m tall,Y,,"Woodlands, rocky forests and woodlands, cliffs, ledges, lake shore outcrops on thin soils in regions of high-pH bedrock.",Clustered in a few adjacent counties across the state except Southern NY,Haines 2011
Caprifoliaceae,Symphoricarpos,albus,var. laevigatus,pacific snowberry,Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades glabrous abaxially; drupe mostly (10-)12-15 mm in diameter; cultivated shrubs mostly 1-2 m tall,N,,"Escaped from horticulture plantings. Roadsides, forest borders, abandoned homesteads, forest fragments, areas of habitation. ",Scattered across the state except Northern NY,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,lanceolatum,var. interior,small-headed aster,Involucres usually less than 4 mm tall; capitula crowded on the branches,Y,SH,"Bottomlands, along streams.","Franklin, Oswego, and Cattaraugus counties, 1990 most recent",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,lanceolatum,var. lanceolatum,lance-leaved aster,Involucres 4–6 mm tall; capitula more remote,Y,,"Floodplain forests and thickets, successional fields, wet forests, swamps, stream banks, roadsides, and ditches. A vigorous spreader this species is quite weedy and has long rhizomes that can form large clonal patches. It grows in a variety of habitats from dry to wet and from open to shaded.",Mostly statewide,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,novi-belgii,var. elodes,narrow-leaved ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP aster,"Leaves linear-lanceolate, lengths more than 10 times widths, bases barely clasping",Y,,"Coastal and near coastal habitats plus inland riverbanks, fens, marsh edges and boggy shores.",St. Lawrence and Queens counties,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,novi-belgii,var. novi-belgii,common ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP aster,"Leaves linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate to oblanceolate, lengths less than 10 times widths, bases +/- clasping",Y,,"Coastal and near coastal habitats plus inland riverbanks, fens, marsh edges and boggy shores.","Mostly Adirondack region, Greene, Orange, Westchester, Bronx, Nassau, and Suffolk counties",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,pilosum,var. pilosum,frostweed aster,Stems sparsely to densely hirsute; leaves pilose; various substrates ,Y,,"Roadsides, successional fields, pastures, waste places, and disturbed areas. A weedy species very commonly along roads and in disturbed soils.","Scattered statewide msot in Eastern NY, the Lower Hudson, and Long Island regions",Flora North America
Asteraceae,Symphyotrichum,pilosum,var. pringlei,Pringle’s aster,Stems glabrous; leaves glabrous or glabrate; mainly on calcareous substrates,Y,,"Dry successional fields, utility line cuts, edges of forested areas, and roadsides. Compared to the typical variety, var. pringlei grows in drier sites with less herbaceous competition, and more often is in more native type habitats.","Long Island, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP region, Lower Hudson, parts of Eastern NY, Chemung, St. Lawrence, Cattaraugus, Erie, and Niagara counties",Flora North America
Malvaceae,Tilia,americana,var. americana,American basswood,"Leaf blades pubescent with bulbous glands, slender hairs, and sometimes scattered stellate hairs on the abaxial surface; peduncles and pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulent in fruit",Y,,"Rich mesic forests, talus slopes, bases of rock outcrops, bluffs, and thin soil over calcareous bedrock. Although occurring throughout ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP's mesic hardwood forests excepting the cooler parts of the state this species is most abundant in deep rich mesic soils of valley bottoms and lower slopes as well as on talus slopes and in association with rocky outcrops.",Mostly statewide ,Haines 2011
Malvaceae,Tilia,americana,var. heterophylla,white basswood,"Leaf blades densely pubescent with stellate hairs on the abaxial surface (rarely becoming puberulent in age, but stellate hairs persisting along the major veins); peduncles and pedicels pubescent with stellate hairs in fruit",Y,SH,"Rich mesic forests, talus slopes, bases of rock outcrops, bluffs, and thin soil over calcareous bedrock. Although occurring throughout ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP's mesic hardwood forests excepting the cooler parts of the state this species is most abundant in deep rich mesic soils of valley bottoms and lower slopes as well as on talus slopes and in association with rocky outcrops.","Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Tompkins, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Livingston counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Torreyochloa,pallida,var. fernaldii,Fernald’s false manna grass,Widest leaf blade widths 1.0–3.6(–4.2) mm wide; anthers 0.4–0.6; larger lemmas 2.1–2.6 mm long,Y,,"Edges of ponds and lakes, stream margins, swamps, marshes, and bogs. Often in standing water but sometimes simply in saturated mucky or peaty soils.","Mostly Eastern and Northern NY, scattered across the state",Werier 2022
Poaceae,Torreyochloa,pallida,var. pallida,pale false manna grass,Widest leaf blade widths 4.0–9.0 mm wide; anthers (0.6–)0.7–1.3 mm long; larger lemmas 2.5–3.3 mm long,Y,,"Edges of ponds and lakes, stream margins, swamps, marshes, and bogs. Often in standing water but sometimes simply in saturated mucky or peaty soils.",Scattered statewide ,Werier 2022
Anacardiaceae,Toxicodendron,radicans,ssp. negundo,midwestern poison ivy,Leaflets softly pubescent across abaxial surface; petioles pubescent; drupes usually glabrous (T. rydbergii fruits are also hairless),Y,,"Talus slopes, bases of cliffs, rich mesic forests, wet forests, swamps, and disturbed ground.  It occurs in a variety of habitats but does particularly well in calcareous and rich sites.","Scattered in Western, Central, and Northern NY",Haines 2011
Anacardiaceae,Toxicodendron,radicans,ssp. radicans,eastern poison ivy,"Leaflets glabrous on the abaxial surface except along main veins and tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins; petioles glabrous; drupes pubescent, scabrous, or papillose",Y,,"Talus slopes, bases of cliffs, rich mesic forests, wet forests, swamps, maritime dunes and interdunal swales, and disturbed ground.  It occurs in a variety of habitats but does particularly well in calcareous and rich sites.",Scattered mostly along the Eastern border of NY,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Verbesina,encelioides,ssp. encelioides,eastern golden crownbeard,Auriculate petiole bases,N,,On a dump. ,Tompkins county 1927 specimen,Flora North America
Asteraceae,Verbesina,encelioides,ssp. exauriculata,western golden crownbeard,Lacks auricles,N,,Yonkers Wool Mill waste,Westchester county 1898 specimen,Flora North America
Plantaginaceae,Veronica,peregrina,ssp. peregrina,Purslane speedwell,"Stem, sepals, and capsules glabrous",Y,,"Fields, roadsides, trailsides, lawns, waste areas.",Scattered statewide,Haines 2011
Plantaginaceae,Veronica,peregrina,ssp. xalapensis,glandular speedwell,Stems and commonly the sepals and capsules glandular-pubescent,Y,S3,"Fields, roadsides, trailsides, lawns, waste areas.","Kings, Queens, Nassau, Columbia, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Jeffereson, St. Lawrence, and Clinton counties",Haines 2011
Plantaginaceae,Veronica,serpyllifolia,ssp. humifusa,northern thyme-leaved speedwell,"Corolla blue, 5-8(-10) mm wide; pubescence of pedicels, in part, of viscid or glandular hairs; filaments 2-4 mm long; racemes with 8-15 flowers; larger capsules 4-6 mm wide",Y,,"Lawns, roadsides, successional fields, dirt roads, disturbed sites, and waste places.","Sullivan, Rennselaer, Warren, Essex, Oneida, Oswego, Tompkins, Schuyler, and Cattaraugus counties",Haines 2011
Plantaginaceae,Veronica,serpyllifolia,ssp. serpyllifolia,common thyme-leaved speedwell,"Corolla pale blue with blue lines, 2-4(-6) mm wide; pedicels puberulent with eglandular hairs; filaments 1-2.5 mm long; racemes with (12-)20-40 flowers; capsules 3-4 mm wide",N,,"Lawns, roadsides, successional fields, dirt roads, disturbed sites, and waste places.","Scattered statewide, mostly Eastern, Northern, and Southern NY",Haines 2011
Adoxaceae,Viburnum,dentatum,var. lucidum,smooth arrowwood,"Abaxial leaf blade, petioles, and peduncles glabrous (at most with some simple hairs in the axils of the leaf blade veins); hypanthium eglandular",Y,,"Shrub swamps including rich fens, marshes, forested swamps, wet to mesic successional shrublands, thickets, occasional in mesic deciduous understories, and roadsides. Grows in a large variety of wet to dry habitats. Lately the non-native viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) has been completely defoliating this and a few other Viburnum species in parts of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP. It appears that this species might suffer a huge decline.",Scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Adoxaceae,Viburnum,dentatum,var. venosum,southern arrowwood,"Abaxial leaf blade (at least on the veins), petioles, and peduncles stellate-pubescent; hypanthium usually with sessile and/or stipitate-gladns (rarely eglandular)",Y,S2,Maritime shrublands.,"Suffolk and Bronx counties, recent",Haines 2011
Adoxaceae,Viburnum,opulus,var. americanum,highbush cranberry,"Petiole glands stalked, taller than wide, truncate to convex at the apex",Y,,"Shrub and tree swamps (including rich fens), wet thickets, and marshes. Some introgression may be going on with var. opulus.",Scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Adoxaceae,Viburnum,opulus,var. opulus,Guelder rose,"Petiole glands sessile, wider than tall, concave at the apex",N,,"Shrub and tree swamps (including rich fens), wet thickets, and marshes. Some introgression may be going on with var. americanum.","Suffolk, Albany, Rennselaer, Oswego, Cayuga, and Monroe counties",Haines 2011
Fabaceae,Vicia,sativa,ssp. nigra,narrow-leaved vetch,"Leaflets oblong-lanceolate to linear, 1.5-6(-7) mm wide, 4-10 times as long as wide; calyx 7-11(-12) mm long; corolla pink-purple to whitem 10-18 mm long; legume black at maturity ",N,,"Fields, roadsides, waste areas, yards, gardens, streets, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes ",Scattered statewide ,Haines 2011
Fabaceae,Vicia,sativa,ssp. sativa,common vetch,"Leaflets narrow-obovate to oblong, 4-10 mm wide, 2-5(-7) times as long as wide; calyx 10-15 mm long; corolla pink-purple, 18-25(-30) mm long; legume light brown to brown (less frequently black) at maturity",N,,"Fields, roadsides, waste areas, yards, gardens, streets, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes ","Nassau, Bronx, Ulster, Albany, Washington, Saratoga, Oneida, Oswego, Jefferson, Franklin, and Tompkins counties",Haines 2011
Fabaceae,Vicia,villosa,ssp. varia,winter vetch,"Plants glabrate to pubescent with subappressed to spreading hairs shorter than 1 mm; upper lobe of calyx lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, 1-2(-2.4) mm long; racemes common with 10-20 loosely arranged flowers",N,,"Roadsides, waste areas, meadows and fields.","Rockland, Albany, Broome, Chemung, Tompkins, Yates, Wayne, Oswego, and Monroe counties",Haines 2011
Fabaceae,Vicia,villosa,ssp. villosa,hairy vetch,Plants conspicuously villous with hairs 1-2 mm long; upper lobe of calyx acicular 2-4 mm long; racemes commonly with more than 20 crowded flowers,N,,"Roadsides, waste areas, meadows and fields.",Scattered statewide,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Xanthium,strumarium,var. canadense,Canada cocklebur,"Fruiting carpellate involucres (17-)20-40 mm long and 12-30 mm thick, terminated by 2 beaks 3-11 mm long; prickle bases of carpellate involucres spreading-pubescent and sometimes also stipitate-glandular ",Y,,"Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), brackish or salt marshes and flats, coastal beaches (sea beaches), dunes, marshes, shores of rivers or lakes, wetland margins (edges of wetlands) .",Scattereed statewide ,Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Xanthium,strumarium,var. glabratum,smoothish cocklebur,"Fruiting carpellate involucres 8–20 (–25) mm long and 4–18 mm thick, terminated by 2 incurved or, less commonly, straight beaks, the fruiting ones usually pale or light brown, beaks 1–7 mm long; prickle bases of carpellate involucres glabrous or puberulent and sometimes also glandular-puberulent and/or with sessile glands. Petioles usually scabrous; leaf blades usually scabrous adaxially",Y,,"Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), brackish or salt marshes and flats, coastal beaches (sea beaches), dunes, marshes, shores of rivers or lakes, wetland margins (edges of wetlands) .","Suffolk, Columbia, Washington, Tompkins, Madison, St. Lawrence, Livingston, and Monroe counties",Haines 2011
Asteraceae,Xanthium,strumarium,var. strumarium,European cocklebur,"Fruiting carpellate involucres 8–20 (–25) mm long and 4–18 mm thick, terminated by 2 straight beaks, the fruiting ones green to yellow-green, beaks 1–7 mm long; prickle bases of carpellate involucres glabrous or puberulent and sometimes also glandular-puberulent and/or with sessile glands. Petioles minutely and softly pilose; leaf blades weakly scabridulous adaxially",N,,"Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats), marshes, shores of rivers or lakes, wetland margins (edges of wetlands) .","Westchester, Washington, Essex, Oswego, Chemung, Erie, and Orleans counties",Haines 2011
Poaceae,Zizania,palustris,var. interior,interior wild rice,"Lower pistillate branches with 9-30 spikelets; pistillate part of the inflorescence 10-40 cm or more wide, the branches ascending to widely divergent; plants 1-3 m tall; blades 10-40+ mm wide",Y,,"Shallow, still or slow-moving water of lakes and rivers. ",Jefferson county 1921 specimen,Flora North America
Poaceae,Zizania,palustris,var. palustris,northern wild rice,"Lower pistillate branches with 2-8 spikelets; pistillate part of the inflorescence 1-8(15) cm wide, the branches appressed or ascending, or a few branches somewhat divergent; plants to 2 m tall; blades 3-21 mm wide",Y,,"Shallow, still or slow-moving water of lakes and rivers. Brackish or salt marshes and flats, fresh tidal marshes or flats.","Scattered statewide, mostly Northern NY",Flora North America
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Sources,,,,,,,,,,
"Clemants, Steven E. 1992. Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP State. Contributions to a Flora of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP State X. Richard S. Mitchell, Editor. Bulletin No. 485. ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP State Museum. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/237676#page/3/mode/1up",,,,,,,,,,
"Fernald, Merritt L. 1950. Grays Manual of Botany. Eighth Edition. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon.",,,,,,,,,,
"Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Oxford University Press, NewYork, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP. Website: http://floranorthamerica.org/families",,,,,,,,,,
"Gleason, Henry A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Hafner Publishing Company, Inc. ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP and London. ",,,,,,,,,,
"Gleason, Henry A. and Arthur Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States And Adjacent Canada. 3 Volumes. The ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP Botanical Garden, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP, ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP.",,,,,,,,,,
"Haines, Arthur. 2011. Haines 2011. A manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England. Yale University Press. New Haven, CT. GoBotany Website: https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/simple/",,,,,,,,,,
"Weakley, Alan S. & SE Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Website: https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=index.php",,,,,,,,,,
"Werier, David. 2022. Flora of ÌìÃÀ´«Ã½APP State. Preliminary edition of December 19, 2022. ",,,,,,,,,,